Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic
disorder related to the carbohydrate glucose. It is generally agreed by
scientists and researchers that the basis of this disease is deficiency of
insulin hormone. Hormone produced by beta cells in the islands of Langerhans in
the pancreas gland regulates the metabolism of glucose.
Relative deficiency of insulin hormone synthesis could be because it was deficient, but perhaps also the synthesis of its pretty, but the sensitivity of target cells to hormones that decline. Others have suggested that the hormone itself synthesized in sufficient quantities, but the mobilization is retarded, so buried in an inactive form in the beta cells, many influential factors for the manifestation of diabetes mellitus on someone.
Insulin works convert glucose into glycogen in the liver cells and muscle; this occurs when glucose levels in the blood rises. Conversely if the decreased blood glucose, liver glycogen mobilized thereby increasing the concentration of glucose in the return of blood flow. Insulin also stimulates gluconeogenesis, namely glucose convert into several metabolites, especially metabolites of the breakdown of fat and protein.
In insulin deficiency, glucose can not enter into the cells, so that the rising concentration outside the cell, including blood in the fluid, but the pile of glucose can not be harnessed to produce energy for cells that need it. Glucose accumulated in the blood stream is then excreted through the kidneys into the urine, resulting in glucosuria.
Because glucose can not be used to produce energy, so fat and more protein is broken down to produce the required energy, resulting in increased gluconeogenesis.
Management of diabetes mellitus consists of triad of diet, physical activity and medicament. If the management of this disease is good enough, people with diabetes can still live a normal life for a long enough period of time.
In diabetes mellitus can occur a variety of disorders side, especially those that are not controlled properly, including abnormalities of the retina (retinopathies diabetic), cardiovascular disorders with symptoms obliteration of small blood vessels, kidney and liver abnormalities. Also can occur nerve abnormalities, called neuropathic diabetic.
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